Analysis of risk factors for neonatal preterm birth and construction of nomogram prediction model / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective To analyze the risk factors for neonatal preterm birth in 12 hospitals in Yunnan Province from 2016 to 2017, and to establish a nomogram prediction model for neonatal preterm birth, providing scientific evidence for the prevention of preterm birth. Methods A total of 20 445 pregnant women who gave birth in 12 hospitals in Yunnan Province from 2016 to 2017 were collected and grouped into a preterm group (n=1 186) and a full-term group (n=19 259) according to whether they had a premature delivery. The general information questionnaire of pregnant women designed by the research team was applied to understand the basic conditions and pregnancy information of the two groups, and the risk factors of preterm birth were determined by logistic regression analysis, R software was applied to draw a nomogram prediction model of neonatal preterm birth, and its predictive performance was tested. Results There were significant differences in the proportions of twins and above (9.11% vs 7.10%), pregnancy-induced hypertension (21.67% vs 18.57%), gestational diabetes mellitus (18.21% vs 15.90%), anemia (24.28% vs 20.70%), premature rupture of membranes (11.64% vs 9.76%), and abnormal placenta (7.08% vs 5.51%) between the preterm group and the full-term group (χ2=6.731, 7.055, 4.441, 8.691, 4.437, 5.232, all P<0.05); the logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for neonatal preterm birth were twins and above (OR=2.378), pregnancy-induced hypertension (OR=2.039), gestational diabetes mellitus (OR=1.824), anemia (OR=1.825), and premature rupture of membranes (OR=2.313) (all P<0.05); the discrimination (area under the curve was 0.794, 95%CI=0.738-0.850) and precision (goodness of fit HL test, χ2=8.864, P=0.312) of the nomogram model constructed to predict the occurrence of neonatal preterm birth were both good. Conclusions The nomogram model for preterm birth constructed based on 5 factors including number of fetuses, pregnancy-induced hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, anemia and premature rupture of membranes can predict the occurrence of neonatal preterm birth well, thus providing reference for the prevention of neonatal preterm birth.

Novel assays for quality evaluation of XueBiJing:Quality variability of a Chinese herbal injection for sepsis management / 药物分析学报

XueBiJing is an intravenous five-herb injection used to treat sepsis in China.The study aimed to develop a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)-or liquid chromatography-ultraviolet(LC-UV)-based assay for quality evaluation of XueBiJing.Assay development involved identifying marker constituents to make the assay therapeutically relevant and building a reliable one-point cali-brator for monitoring the various analytes in parallel.Nine marker constituents from the five herbs were selected based on XueBiJing's chemical composition,pharmacokinetics,and pharmacodynamics.A selectivity test(for"similarity of response")was developed to identify and minimize interference by non-target constituents.Then,an intercept test was developed to fulfill"linearity through zero"for each analyte(absolute ratio of intercept to C response,＜2％).Using the newly developed assays,we analyzed samples from 33 batches of XueBiJing,manufactured over three years,and found small batch-to-batch variability in contents of the marker constituents(4.1％-14.8％),except for senkyunolide I(26.5％).

Establishment of the gene detection method of Schistosoma mansoni based on the recombinase-aided isothermal amplification assay / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To establish a recombinase-aided isothermal amplification (RAA) assay for nucleic acid detection of Schistosoma mansoni. Methods The 121 bp highly-repeated sequence of S. mansoni was selected as the target gene fragment to be detected. The primers and fluorescent probes were designed using the Amplfix software, and a fluorescent RAA assay was established and optimized. The fluorescent RAA assay was performed to detect gradient diluent recombinant plasmids containing target gene fragment and different concentrations of S. mansoni genomic DNA to determine the sensitivity, and this assay was applied to detect the genomic DNA of S. japonicum, S. haematobium, Ancylostoma duodenale and Clonorchis sinensis to evaluate the specificity. Results A fluorescent RAA assay was successfully established, which was effective to amplify the specific gene fragments of S. mansoni within 20 min at 39 ℃. The minimum detectable limit of the fluorescent RAA assay was 10 copies/μL using recombinant plasmids as templates and 0.1 fg/μL using S. mansoni genomic DNA samples as templates. The fluorescent RAA assays were all negative for detecting the genomic DNA from S. japonicum, S. haematobium, A. duodenale and C. sinensis. Conclusions A novel fluorescent RAA assay is successfully established, which is simple, rapid, sensitive and specific to detect genomic DNA of S. mansoni.

Recommendation on global prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019 in the early stage / 预防医学

@#Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus（SARS-CoV-2）is highly infectious and people are generally susceptible to it. In this article,we reviewed current research into the epidemiological characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19）,introduced China's effective prevention and control experience,preliminarily summarized the phased Results of China's fight against the COVID-19,and reviewed the early measures taken by Singapore,Japan,Italy,Iran and South Korea. We recommended China’s prevention and control measures in response to COVID-19 to the world;appealed to pay attention to non-drug interventions,to strengthen the cooperation and sharing of COVID-19 epidemic data and research,to improve the global ability in respond to public health emergencies,and to reduce the impact of COVID-2019 on the sustainable development of economy and society.

Study of Cystatin C in the prognosis of critically ill patients / 中国实用内科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between Cystatin C levels change and the clinical outcomes of critically ill patients.METHODS: There were altogether 4642 patients in intensive care unit(ICU)of West China Hospital of Sichuan university from 28 th August 2009 to 16 th April 2010,and their general conditions were recorded,including sex,age,and being with or without diabetes mellitus;then the database was established accordingly.The patients were divided into four groups according to the change of Cys C values in ICU:high increase(>1 mg/L),slight increase(≤1 mg/L),high decrease(>1 mg/L)and slight decrease(≤1 mg/L).The difference in 30-day mortality in patients were compared.The patients were followed up for 8 years.RESULTS: One thousand and thirty-six patients were included in this study,272 cases died within 30 days,with the highest in patients of the group with high increase of Cystatin C(77.9%),followed the high-decrease group(33.3%);the mortality rate of group with slight decrease was the lowest among the four groups(16.5%).The 8-year survival of 764 patients who did not die within 30 days was 54.58%.CONCLUSION: The change of Cystatin C value is closely related to the 30-day mortality of critically ill patients.The lowest 30-day mortality of critically ill patients is the group with slight decrease of Cystatin C.

Establishment of a recombinase-aided isothermal amplification technique to detect Schistosoma japonicum specific gene fragments / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To establish a novel method for the detection of Schistosoma japonicum specific gene fragments by re-combinase aided isothermal amplification(RAA).Methods The gene fragment SjG28 of S.japonicum was selected as the tar-get gene fragment to be detected,and the primers were designed according to the mechanism of RAA reaction.The reaction of isothermal amplification of S.japonicum was established and optimized.Then this method was applied to amplify and detect the specific gene fragment in the gradient diluent SjG28-recombiant plasmids and different concentrations of S.japonicum genomic DNA to estimate the sensitivity of this method.The samples were also detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)in parallel as control.This method was applied to detect the genomic DNA of S.mansoni,Ascaris lumbricoides,and Ancylostoma duodenale to evaluate the specificity.Results The specific gene fragment was amplified from genomic DNA of adult worms and eggs of S.japonicum by recombinase aided isothermal amplification reaction established in this study.The reaction can be completed with-in 30 minutes and the minimum detectable template was 20 copies of plasmids or 0.5 ng of genomic DNA per microliter.Other parasites'genomic DNAs,such as S.mansoni,A.lumbricoides,An.duodenale and healthy human blood genomic DNA were not able to be detected by this method.Conclusion A novel method for the detection of S.japonicum specific gene fragments by re-combinase aided isothermal amplification is established in this study,which can be carried out conveniently and rapidly with a considerable sensitivity and specificity,showing the prospect for application in the diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica.

Anodal Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation Over the Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Influences Emotional Face Perception / 神经科学通报·英文版

The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is considered to play a crucial role in many high-level functions, such as cognitive control and emotional regulation. Many studies have reported that the DLPFC can be activated during the processing of emotional information in tasks requiring working memory. However, it is still not clear whether modulating the activity of the DLPFC influences emotional perception in a detection task. In the present study, using transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS), we investigated (1) whether modulating the right DLPFC influences emotional face processing in a detection task, and (2) whether the DLPFC plays equal roles in processing positive and negative emotional faces. The results showed that anodal tDCS over the right DLPFC specifically facilitated the perception of positive faces, but did not influence the processing of negative faces. In addition, anodal tDCS over the right primary visual cortex enhanced performance in the detection task regardless of emotional valence. Our findings suggest, for the first time, that modulating the right DLPFC influences emotional face perception, especially faces showing positive emotion.

Superior colliculus-pulvinar-amygdala subcortical visual pathway and its biological significance / 生理学报

Superior colliculus-pulvinar-amygdala pathway is one of the subcortical visual pathways in mammalian brain. Some recent studies suggest that this pathway is involved in processing emotion-related visual information. This review discusses the possibility that this pathway is more related to visual alert rather than simply the early visual information processing. The biological significance of this pathway is also discussed. Instead of detecting "where" or "what" the visual target is, the task of this early visual stage is to send out a warning signal, i.e., "something appears", so that the brain can be set up in a state of alert, which is important for the survival of animals. Thus, in the early visual information process, detection of new object "emerging" or "disappearing" takes priority over the acquisition of its feature information of "texture" and "shape", etc. The subcortical pathway may provide the neural basis of early visual warning in topological perception, a biological significance critical for animal survival.

Effect of meeting for clinical practice of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS): results of web-based survey questionnaires after the First West China Forum on Chest ERAS / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    We conducted a questionnaire study who attended the First West China Forum on Chest Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) in order to analyze whether it can improve the knowledge of ERAS and how to organize an effective meeting. Methods    We analyzed 188 questionnaires from the representatives of the First West China Forum on Chest ERAS after the meeting which included two parts: one was the personal basic information and institution of respondents, and the other was the opinion of the content setting and suggestion for the next forum. Results     A percentage of 97.7% of participants believed that this forum contributed to improving their understanding of ERAS and 65.3% of them will put the concept of ERAS into practice after the meeting. The exchange of experience and project communication of ERAS were the most useful agendas approved by representatives while expert lectures should be more appropriate (18.1%). Arrangement for topic discussion and enough time for discussion were supported by 93.1%and 98.9% of the representatives respectively. Multi-center project discussion (80.9%) and interactive sessions especially WeChat interaction (74.0%) should be added on ERAS forum. Conclusion    Reasonable agenda settings are beneficial to improve the understanding and compliance of application of ERAS.

Mutation screening of the SLC26A4 gene in a cohort of 192 Chinese patients with congenital hypothyroidism

ABSTRACT Objective Pendred syndrome (PS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterised by sensorineural hearing loss and thyroid dyshormonogenesis. It is caused by biallelic mutations in the SLC26A4 gene encoding for pendrin. Hypothyroidism in PS can be present from birth and therefore diagnosed by neonatal screening. The aim of this study was to examine the SLC26A4 mutation spectrum and prevalence among congenital hypothyroidism (CH) patients in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China and to establish how frequently PS causes hearing impairment in our patients with CH. Subjects and methods Blood samples were collected from 192 CH patients in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, and genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. All exons of the SLC26A4 gene together with their exon-intron boundaries were screened by next-generation sequencing. Patients with SLC26A4 mutations underwent a complete audiological evaluation including otoscopic examination, audiometry and morphological evaluation of the inner ear. Results Next generation sequencing analysis of SLC26A4 in 192 CH patients revealed five different heterozygous variations in eight individuals (8/192, 4%). The prevalence of SLC26A4 mutations was 4% among studied Chinese CH. Three of the eight were diagnosed as enlargement of the vestibular aqueduct (EVA), no PS were found in our 192 CH patients. The mutations included one novel missense variant p.P469S, as well as four known missense variants, namely p.V233L, p.M147I, p.V609G and p.D661E. Of the eight patients identified with SLC26A4 variations in our study, seven patients showed normal size/location of thyroid gland, and one patients showed a decreased size one. Conclusions The prevalence of SLC26A4 pathogenic variants was 4% among studied Chinese patients with CH. Our study expanded the SLC26A4 mutation spectrum, provided the best estimation of SLC26A4 mutation rate for Chinese CH patients and indicated the rarity of PS as a cause of CH.

Anatomical double bundle reconstruction of medial patellofemoral ligament with allograft tendon in the treatment of patellar dislocations / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical therapeutic results of allograft tendon for anatomical reconstruction of medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) for the treatment of patellar dislocations.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From September 2008 to June 2013, 16 patients with patellar dislocation underwent MPFL reconstructions. There were 2 males and 14 females, aged 11 to 27 years old (16 years old on average). Patellar dislocations occurred in 11 left and 5 right knees. The disease course ranged from 3 to 10 years. The frequency of dislocation ranged from 9 to 33 times (19 times on average). Affected knee joints showed patellar instability; the range of action for patella obviously increased. The X-ray films showed patellar dislocation. The preoperative Q angle was (36 ± 9)°, and the congruence angle was (63 ± 18)°. Reconstruction was performed via allograft tendon. Allograft tendon was fixed through the superomedial pole of the patella, and the other end was fixed at the natural MPFL insertion site near the medial femoral condyle with an interference screw in a bone tunnel. All the patients were evaluated postoperatively; Kujala patellofemoral scores, objective knee function, complications, and reoperations were assessed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Primary healing was achieved in all cases. No infection or necrosis and absorption of grafts was observed. All the patients were followed up for an average of 16.4 months (ranged, 10 to 24 months) postoperatively. At the latest follow-up, all the patients had no pain, swelling and patellar instability; neither patella redislocation nor fracture occurred. The X-ray films showed good position of tunnel 6 months after operation, and the congruence angle was (5 ± 9)°, showing statistically significant difference when compared with preoperation (P < 0.05). The postoperative Q angle was (17 ± 8)°, the Kujala knee function score improved significantly from 45.20 ± 9.20 to 89.30 ± 6.40 at the latest follow-up, showing statistically significant difference (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MPFL reconstruction improves clinical symptoms. Anatomical MPFL reconstruction is effective for patellar dislocation, and it offers good recovery of the premorbid patella mechanics. The interference screw provides firm fixation. Allograft can avoid the graft harvest site morbidity, but it increases the cost of the surgery.</p>

Mutation screening of the sodium iodide symporter gene in a cohort of 105 China patients with congenital hypothyroidism / Análise de mutações no gene simportador sódio/iodeto em coorte de 105 pacientes chineses com hipotireoidismo congênito

Objective Dyshormonogenetic congenital hypothyroidism (CH) was reported to be associated with a mutation in the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) gene. The present study was undertaken in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China, to determine the nature and frequency of NIS gene mutations among patients with CH due to dyshormonogenesis. Subjects and methods: Blood samples were collected from 105 dyshormonogenetic CH patients in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, and genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. All exons of the NIS gene together with their exon-intron boundaries were screened by next-generation sequencing. Results Two silent variations (T221T and T557T) and one missense variation (M435L), as well as two polymorphisms (rs200587561 and rs117626343) were found. Conclusions Our results indicate that the NIS mutation rate is very low in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, and it is necessary to study mutations of other genes that have major effects on thyroid dyshormonogenesis and have not as yet been studied in this population. .

Objetivo O hipotireoidismo congênito disormonogenético (CH) foi relatado como associado a uma mutação no gene simportador sódio/iodeto (NIS). O presente estudo foi feito na região autônoma de Guangxi Zhuang na China para se determinar a natureza e a frequência das mutações no gene NIS entre pacientes com CH causado por disormonogênese. Sujeitos e métodos: Amostras de sangue foram coletadas de 105 pacientes com CH disormonogenéticos e o DNA genômico foi extraído de leucócitos do sangue periférico. Todos os éxons do gene NIS, junto com seus limites éxon-íntron, foram analisados por sequenciamento de nova geração. Resultados Foram encontradas duas variações silenciosas (T221T e T557T) e uma variação missense (M435L), assim como dois polimorfismos (rs200587561 e rs117626343). Conclusões Nossos resultados indicam que a taxa de mutação em NIS é muito baixa na região de Guangxi Zhuang. É necessário estudar mutações de outros genes que tenham efeitos maiores na disormonogênese da tiroide e que ainda não tenham sido estudados nesta população. .

Meta-analysis of quantitative diffusion-weighted MR imaging in differentiating benign and malignant pancreatic masses / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

There have been numerous studies done to explore the diagnostic performance of quantitative diffusion-weighted (DW) MR imaging to differentiate between benign and malignant pancreatic masses. However, the results have been inconsistent. We performed a meta-analysis to investigate whether DW-MR imaging can differentiate between these two diseases. Databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library were utilized to find relevant articles published between January 2001 and January 2014. A Stata version 12.0 and a Meta-Disc version 1.4 were used to describe primary results. Twelve studies with 594 patients, which fulfilled the inclusion criteria, were enrolled for the analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of DW imaging was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.84, 0.95) and 0.86 (95% CI: 0.76, 0.93) respectively. The area under the curve of the summary receiver operating characteristic was 0.95 (95% CI: 0.93, 0.96). The results indicated that DW imaging might be a valuable tool for differentiating benign and malignant pancreatic masses.

Meta-analysis of quantitative diffusion-weighted MR imaging in differentiating benign and malignant pancreatic masses / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

There have been numerous studies done to explore the diagnostic performance of quantitative diffusion-weighted (DW) MR imaging to differentiate between benign and malignant pancreatic masses. However, the results have been inconsistent. We performed a meta-analysis to investigate whether DW-MR imaging can differentiate between these two diseases. Databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library were utilized to find relevant articles published between January 2001 and January 2014. A Stata version 12.0 and a Meta-Disc version 1.4 were used to describe primary results. Twelve studies with 594 patients, which fulfilled the inclusion criteria, were enrolled for the analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of DW imaging was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.84, 0.95) and 0.86 (95% CI: 0.76, 0.93) respectively. The area under the curve of the summary receiver operating characteristic was 0.95 (95% CI: 0.93, 0.96). The results indicated that DW imaging might be a valuable tool for differentiating benign and malignant pancreatic masses.

Efficacy and safety of alcohol sclerotherapy involving single-session multiple injections to treat simple renal cysts: a multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled trial / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Alcohol has been used for treating simple renal cysts since 1981. Since then, various observational studies have examined the technique, but they differ significantly in the details of the procedures and efficacy measures used. This has made it difficult to assess the safety and efficacy of this technique. We carried out a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided alcohol sclerotherapy involving single-session multiple injections to treat simple renal cysts.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 144 patients with simple renal cysts were randomly allocated to either the treatment group (ultrasound-guided percutaneous drainage and alcohol sclerotherapy with single-session multiple injections) or control group (ultrasound-guided simple percutaneous drainage). Follow-up CT scans of ablated cysts were collected 3 and 6 months after the procedure. The outcome was considered successful if cyst volume between baseline and 6 months decreased by at least 87.5%.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Intention-to-treat analysis revealed an average volume reduction of 94.2% in the treatment group and 50.8% in the control group (P < 0.0001). The percentage of patients achieving successful outcomes was 88.9% (95%CI 77.0% - 100.0%) in the treatment group and 22.2% (95%CI 6.54% - 37.9%) in the control group (P < 0.0001). The corresponding results in the per-protocol analysis were an average volume reduction of 96.4% in the treatment group and 50.8% in the control group (P < 0.0001). The percentage of patients achieving a successful outcome was 94.3% (95%CI 85.6% - 100.0%) in the treatment group and 22.2% (95%CI 6.54% - 37.9%) in the control group (P < 0.0001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Alcohol sclerotherapy involving single-session multiple injections is safe and efficacious in the treatment of renal cysts.</p>

GRP78 upregulation-induced increase in cisplatin sensitivity of SPCA1 lung cancer cells / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone, plays a critical role in chemotherapy resistance in a variety of cancers. In this study, we investigated the up-regulation of GRP78 induced by A23187 and its association with the chemotherapeutical sensibility to cisplatin in human lung cancer cell line SPCA1.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>SPCA1 cells were pretreated with A23187 at different concentrations. The expression of GRP78 at the mRNA level was analyzed by RT-PCR; the expression of GRP78 at the protein level was determined by Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay. Cell survival was determined by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of GRP78 at both the mRNA and protein levels was obviously induced by A23187 in SPCA1 cells, with an elevation of GRP78 by 2.1-fold at the mRNA level and by 3.8-fold at the protein level compared to the control. There was a dose-dependent response. Survival curve analysis demonstrated that A23187 induction caused a significant reduction of survival for the cells subjected to cisplatin treatment (P < 0.05). After treatment by cisplatin, the percentage of apoptotic cells in the A23187 pretreated group increased about three fold compared with the control group ((27.53 ± 4.32)% vs. (9.25 ± 3.64)%, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>A23187 treatment was fairly effective for the induction of GRP78 in SPCA1 cells at both the mRNA and protein levels. To a certain extent, GRP78 up-regulation by A23187 was associated with the enhancement of drug sensitivity to cisplatin in human lung cancer cell line SPCA1.</p>

The effects of high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet on body weight and the expression of gastrointestinal hormones in diet-induced obesity rat / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of long-term high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet on body weight and the expression of gastrointestinal hormones in diet-induced obesity rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-four diet-induced obesity rat models were established by feeding fat-enriched diet, then were randomly divided into two groups by stratified sampling method by weight: the high-protein diet group (HP, 36.7% of energy from protein), and the normal chow group (NC, 22.4% of energy from protein), 12 rats in each group. The total calorie intake of each rat per day was similar and was maintained for 24 weeks, then body weight, visceral fat mass, fasting plasma ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) were determined, as well as protein expression of ghrelin in stomach, GLP-1 in ileum were detected by immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After 24 weeks, body weight of HP, NC groups were (490.92 ± 39.47) g and (545.55 ± 31.08) g, respectively (t = -3.664, P < 0.01); visceral fat mass were (22.42 ± 7.04) g and (32.33 ± 9.27) g, respectively (t = -2.503, P < 0.05); plasma ghrelin level were (2.36 ± 0.82) and (1.95 ± 0.64) ng/ml, respectively (t = 1.337, P > 0.05), and plasma ghrelin level was negatively correlated to body weight (r = -0.370, t = -1.899, P < 0.05), visceral fat mass (r = -0.454, t = -2.52, P < 0.01); plasma GLP-1 concentration were (0.52 ± 0.13) and (0.71 ± 0.19) ng/ml, respectively(t = -2.758, P < 0.05); ghrelin protein expression in stomach were 25 473 ± 8701 and 10 526 ± 6194, respectively (t = 2.501, P < 0.05); GLP-1 protein expression in ileum were 27 431 ± 5813 and 36 601 ± 5083, respectively (t = -1.833, P = 0.081).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Long-term isocaloric high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet can reduce body weight and visceral fat, increase the expression of ghrelin, and decline GLP-1 expression in diet-induced obesity rats.</p>

Antibacterial activity determination of six kinds of natural herbs in yunnan on normal oral predominant / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the antibacterial activity of six kinds of natural herbs in Yunnan on normal oral predominant bacteria in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Agar dilution method, the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of anaerobes which was recommended by National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standard (NCCLs), was used to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of herbs to 21 kinds of oral model strains and clinical isolates. The results were expressed by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All six kinds of herbs were effective to the oral predominant bacteria. For the ten kinds of cariogenic bacteria, the MIC of caesalpinia sappan lignum was between 5-10 mg x mL(-1), and the MIC of other herbs was above 20 mg x mL(-1). For the eleven kinds of predominant bacteria which normally involved in pulp periapical disease and periodontitis, the MIC of caesalpinia sappan lignum was below 0.062 5 mg x mL(-1), and the MIC of the terminalia chebula retz was between 10-20 mg x mL(-1), and the others were above 20 mg x mL(-1).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The six kinds of herbs in Yunnan could be used in treatment or prevention of oral bacterial diseases.</p>

Arranging transient process used in iterative learning control system / 西安交通大学学报·英文版

Considering the same initial state error in each repetitive operation in the iterative learning system, a method of arranging the transient process is given. During the current iteration, the system will track the transient function firstly, and then the expected trajectory. After several iterations, the learning system output will trend to the arranged curve, which has avoided the effect of the initial error on the controller. Also the transient time can be changed as you need, which makes the designing simple and the operation easy. Then the detailed designing steps are given via the robot system. At last the simulation of the robot system is given, shows the validity of the method.